Simply open up your journal just after your cast your line, and time will stop - but you can still fish as usual, and reel in whatever takes the bait. Every you swing a weapon, your character moves forward very slightly. Your aversion to mods is going to leave you much more limited in the types of Stardew Valley cheats available to you. Super easy! See this Stardew Valley Wiki page for all the console commands you can use.
Broadly speaking there are two ways of introducing Stardew Valley cheats into your game - with mods and without mods. But our Stardew Valley cheats guide will walk you through how to break down all these limitations, from pausing time to spawning items, from insta-completing quests to giving yourself unlimited money - and much, much more. Every item has prerequisites, and the productivity of each day is dictated by your energy and the inevitable march of time.